World+of+the+Polis

Class Notes Section 02: Emily Torrey Athens
 * Phoenicians
 * Big boats for cargo
 * Greatest legacy alphabet
 * Polis
 * Urban character
 * Took left overs and shared
 * Sharing = growth
 * Athens and Sparta
 * Sparta
 * Strong warrior class to defend
 * Helots= slaves= people that were taken over
 * Military is #1
 * No class system in beginning
 * Sports
 * Democracy
 * Rich are citizens poor people rebel
 * Acropoplis

World History 01 Day 4 Athens Continued CLASS NOTES SECTION 3:
 * Powerful classes: Plain Lower Classes Hill
 * Evened out the classes
 * Political power designated class but gave rights like voting
 * There were more poor than rich so the poor can win votes
 * Passed laws forcing people to do something with their lives
 * Government:
 * Other people started to copy the great government
 * At the same time people were moving to the indu peninsula
 * Greeks copied Minoans….:
 * Alphabet
 * Indo Europeans are expanding (minsinians)
 * Conflict
 * Trojan war (the iliad)
 * Palace falls into ruins-people abandoned larger settlements
 * Local governments form-institutions-reform political order
 * City-states form poloces
 * Growing larger
 * Levi taxes (collect taxes at a local level)
 * Specialized workers
 * Each city-state didn’t all agree on the types of government, each city-state had a different form of government
 * Athens
 * No protection
 * Spartans
 * Sparta
 * Wants to protect what they have- All about defense
 * Slowly begin to expand
 * Collect slaves à collected so many slaves that they outnumbered the Athens
 * In the beginning the Spartans were all equal because they all did the same thing, they all had the same job
 * Athens
 * Valued education
 * Philosophy
 * Looked down upon
 * Not strong
 * They started the democracy
 * Based on economic development
 * Slaves, women, children are not involved with the government
 * Huge system of laws
 * Everyone has to follow the laws
 * BUT it’s your right that if you don’t like it you can fix it, it’s your right to oppose (be against) the law maker

· Minoans - So much rebuilding- taken from other people because of such a good setup · Indo-Europeans – move into the Greek Peninsula · Minoans – Great infrastructure, ship design, alphabet – taken from others · Expansion extends beyond Greece – causes conflict -Trojan War · Polis – commercial cities operating by themselves – extend authority over surrounding regions · City States – Collect taxes at a local level, specialized workers · Some city states independent, some small like monarchies, some fell into hands of politicians · Sparta & Athens – most important ones · Sparta – Protection around them, Athens – not so much · Sparta has huge slave population – make incredible army for defense · Begin to slowly expand – capture people – made into slaves · Collect enough slaves – outnumber Spartans 10 to 1 – become crazy good warriors · No social classes – all have same job – warriors · Athenians – Valued education, weak, not good at fighting, worshipped Athena, first ones to start a democracy. Women, slaves, and children don’t partake in the government · Polis – Centers of political organization and peace · Greek influence spread to Italy and all the way to the Red Sea · Greece does not build a centralized imperial state while others like China did · Instead made up of divided, city states since the states and polis were not really friends · Direct conflict between the Greek city States and Persia · Sirus and Darius expand – bump into the Greeks one at a time · Greeks decide to unite to fight Persia · Athens comes to help out city states on the coast – Darius able to oppress them – now mad at Athens · Darius starts campaign to take over Greece – Persians out number Greeks but are defeated at ·  Xerxes – successor of Darius – come in and trash Athens ten years later · Also wanted to defeat Athenian Navy – Salamis – Persians loose again · Skirmishes go on for a century – never an all out war – isolated battles · Persia stops giving energy to conquer Greece – Greeks form a league to unite against Persia · Lots of different city States – Delian League – Make Athenian Navy national navy · Athens doesn’t put invested money into navy, instead make fancy stuff like The Parthenon · City States mad – ends up fighting each other – Peloponnesian Wars – Athens vs. Sparta – Spartans more allies than Athens - win · Internal Struggles – Makes Greece weak · Macedonians – rural state formed –trade and business with Greece – wealthy · Loyal to local government – King Philip II – unties entire region – people obey him now · Builds powerful military – Infantry, Cavalry – Horse people – Crush Greece · Greeks can’t get organized enough to fight them as a whole · Assassin kills king Philip – Son Alexander The Great in charge – 20 years old – great strategist · Alex conquers Egypt and Mesopotamia and others places – 327 – 3 years later – conquers Persia · Decides to march into India – makes locals follow him – soldiers been fighting for a long time- want to go home · Becomes ill on way home and dies · Legend – 7 cities named after him · Died young – did not set up a government for everything he conquered

Class 9-

--> long trials || -->No president ||  ||   ||
 * Athens || Both || USA ||
 * Citizenship limited to free whitde males || the majority rule decides the vote || anyone can be in political office ||
 * only citizens in the top 3 classes would hold political office || citizens can suggest laws || representatives decide laws ||
 * laws devoted on and proposed directly by citizens || have three branches of government || juries consist of 12 ||
 * juries vary in size ||  || right to a lawyer
 * Trials were very short ||  || have a prseident (by vote) ||
 * Executive branch- council of 500